Dhvani, the power of suggestion, has been held as the most powerful poetic tool by Indian aestheticians. It is the chief instrument through which we achieve impersonality and experience rasa.
Appayyadīkṣita, in his work Citramīmāṃsā, cites a single verse that exemplifies dhvani:
ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತದ ಹೆಸರೆತ್ತಿದೊಡನೆಯೇ ಕಂದಾಚಾರ-ಪ್ರತಿಗಾಮಿ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ ಅಪಪ್ರಥೆಗಳು ಅದಕ್ಕಂಟಿ ಬರುವಾಗ ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಿರೋಧಿಯೆಂಬ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ದುರುಪಾಧಿಯೂ ಎದ್ದು ಕಾಣುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಪೋಷಕವೋ ಎಂಬಂತೆ ಸ್ತ್ರೀಯರಿಗೆ ವೇದಾಧಿಕಾರವಿಲ್ಲವೆಂದೂ ಆಕೆಗೆ ಪ್ರಲಯಾಂತಕಬುದ್ಧಿಯೆಂದೂ ಹೆಡ್ಡತನವೆಂದೂ ನಾನಾವಿಧದ ಉಕ್ತಿಗಳು ಸಾಲುಗಟ್ಟಿ ಬಂದು ಮನುಮಹರ್ಷಿಯ “ನ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯಮರ್ಹತಿ” ಎಂಬ ಮಹಾವಾಕ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಪರ್ಯವಸಿಸುತ್ತವೆ. ಆದರೆ ಈ ಉಕ್ತಿಗಳ ಪೂರ್ವಾಪರವನ್ನು ನಿಂದಕರಾರೂ ತಡಕಿದಂತಿಲ್ಲ.
ಇರಲಿ, ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತಕ್ಕೆ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಸಾಹಿತ್ಯದ ಈರ್ವರು ಮಹಾವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳ ದೃಷ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ತ್ರೀಯರ ಬದುಕನ್ನು ನೋಡೋಣ.
अन्यून्यैः शतकात् कृतिस्स्वयमियं गूडार्थपद्यैर्यथा
कर्तव्येति ससंविदप्यतिचिरश्रान्तो मतिक्षोभितः ||
विश्रान्तोsस्म्यवशिष्टमर्धशतकं संग्रथ्य मत्संविदा
सार्धं यः परिपूरयेत्कृतिमिमां तस्मै सहस्रं नमः ||
In its original and purest form, Hinduism is a sanatana dharma, loosely translated as ‘eternal truth’ or ‘timeless religion’ or ‘eternal way of life’ or ‘timeless ethic.’ It is drawn from nature and thus unrestricted by space-time constraints. However, in the several applications of sanatana dharma, we adopt specific spatiotemporal frames.
The etymological meaning of the word ‘sāhitya’ is sahitasya bhāvaḥ – the union of several entities. In popular usage, however, it has come to mean a literary work—comprising genres like prose, verse, drama, and novel—that induces delight in its readers. Sāhitya is equivalent to the English word ‘literature.’
Hinduism is the major religion of India with a worldwide following of over a billion people. In its original and purest form, it is a sanatana dharma (loosely translated as ‘eternal truth’ or ‘timeless religion’) that represents at least 7,000 years of contemplation, tradition, and continuous development in India. One who follows Hinduism is called a ‘Hindu’ (the term originally referred to a person who lived beyond the Sindhu river, i.e. in undivided India).
चोरस्सद्मोर्ध्वभेदादररविघटनात्तत्प्रघाणाप्रखाना
देडूकच्छेदनाद्वा विशति यदि गृहं तत्र नो नो विचारः |
किं त्वस्माकं सुरङ्गाकलनयति पुरे घोषयामास यस्मा
त्तस्मादेतत्सुरङ्गाधिप इति बिरुदं प्रोचुरेतत्पुरस्थाः ||
Nature Myths: In novels like ‘Vamshavruksha’, Jalapatha’, ‘Grahana’, ‘Datu’, ‘Parva’, ‘Nirakarana’, ‘Nele’ and some other novels, nature myths, natural phenomena and natural features like rain, spring or change of seasons, rivers, floods, cataracts, eclipses, mountains have been used effectively to reveal the influence of nature on the human situation.
नारायणस्य शय्यायां भोजनं स्यात्तु नोचितम् |
कथं साधु तदीयादिजन्मभक्षणमेव वः ||