May 2024
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The differences between the three matas are due to the various interpretations of the Śruti and not because of their acceptance or otherwise of Vedic testimony. The very aspect of Saṃskṛta language that is the reason for its beauty is also the reason for certain disadvantages. That it provides room for alternate interpretations by creative use of logic and grammar is simultaneously its merit and demerit. Let us look at a simple example. In his...
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ಉನ್ನತ ಮಟ್ಟದ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸರೆಂದು ಪ್ರಖ್ಯಾತರಾಗಿದ್ದ ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈಗಳಿಗೆ ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠ ಕವಿಗಳೆಂಬ ಯುಕ್ತ ಖ್ಯಾತಿ ಬಂದದ್ದು ಬಹುಶಃ ‘ಗೊಲ್ಗೊಥಾ’ ಮತ್ತು ‘ವೈಶಾಖಿ’ ಖಂಡಕಾವ್ಯಗಳಿಂದಲೇ. ಇವನ್ನು ಖಂಡಕಾವ್ಯಗಳೆನ್ನುವುದಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಮಹಾಕಾವ್ಯಖಂಡಗಳೆಂದು (Epic Fragments) ಗುರುತಿಸುವುದು ಒಳಿತೆಂಬುದು ಎಸ್. ಅನಂತನಾರಾಯಣ ಅವರ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ.[1] ಅವರ ಈ ನಿಲವು ಒಪ್ಪುವಂಥದ್ದೇ ಆಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಎರಡು ಕೃತಿಗಳಿಂದಲೇ ಪೈಗಳನ್ನು ನಮ್ಮ ನಾಡಿನ ಮೊತ್ತಮೊದಲ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕವಿಯೆಂದು ಅಂಗೀಕರಿಸಿದಲ್ಲಿ ತಪ್ಪಾಗದು. ಇವನ್ನು ಕುರಿತು ಅನೇಕ ವಿಮರ್ಶಕರೂ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸರೂ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ವಿಶದವಾಗಿ...
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Parimalapadmagupta
Parimalapadmagupta or Parimalagupta is the author of the historical poem, Navasāhasāṅkacarita. This work describes the attainments of Sindhula, Bhoja’s illustrious father. A verse from this work is significant to our discussion:
चक्षुस्तदुन्मेषि सदा मुखे वः
सारस्वतं शाश्वतमाविरस्तु।
पश्यन्ति येनावहिताः कवीन्द्राः
त्रिविष्टपाभ्यन्तरवर्ति वस्तु॥ (1.4)
May the poets’ ‘eye of literature’ be open always. Great poets use it...
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The original work of Bṛhatkathā is not available today. However, we can infer its structure and content based on the Kathā-saritsāgara. The main storyline relates to Udayana and his son Naravāhana-datta and comes with a large number of sub-stories. It seems like the story of Udayana was as popular as the stories of Rāmāyaṇa, Mahābhārata, and Bhāgavata in the past. As it was popular in the country, the story has made its way into the Vinaya-...
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उस समय में वेदों का अनुसरण करने वालों ने भी बौद्ध धर्म का बहिष्कार नहीं किया था। सातवाहनों ने न केवल सांची स्तूप के द्वारों का निर्माण करवाया अपितु अमरावती ने एक पूरे स्तूप का निर्माण भी करवाया। उसके कुछ अंश चेन्नई, एगमोर के शासकीय संग्रहालय तथा ब्रिटिश संग्रहालय में प्रदर्शनार्थ रखे हैं[1]। दिखाई दे रहा है वैसा तो उस समय राजगुरुओं के मध्य भी नहीं था। संभवतः संप्रदाय विशेष की भावना से प्रेरित कुछ मतावलम्बी रचनाकारों की कृतियों ने अन्य पंथो के...
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A Subtle Concept
The truth explained in this appendix is that of the paramārtha.
We have explained earlier that truth is of three kinds: (1) vyāvahārika — pertaining to worldly life; (2) prātibhāsika : It is seen only in internal experience such as dreams; (3) pāramārthika : This is the sadvastu which remains constant in all places and times. That itself is the principle of the parabrahma. Presently, we are discussing the third one.
Well, are...
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‘ಹೆಬ್ಬೆರಳು’ ರೂಪಕದ ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತ ಪರಾಮರ್ಶೆ
ಈ ರೂಪಕವನ್ನು ಪೈಗಳು ನಾಲ್ಕು ‘ನೋಟ’(ದೃಶ್ಯ)ಗಳಿರುವ ಏಕಾಂಕವೆಂದು ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಆರುನೂರ ಎಂಬತ್ನಾಲ್ಕು ಸರಳರಗಳೆಯ (ಪೈಗಳ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ‘ಝಂಪೆ’) ಪಂಕ್ತಿಗಳೂ ‘ಛಂದ’ ಎಂಬ ಪ್ರಕಾರಕ್ಕೆ ನಿಕಟವಾದ ಒಂಬತ್ತು ಚೌಪದಿಗಳೂ ಇಲ್ಲಿವೆ. ಹೀಗೆ ಇದನ್ನೊಂದು ಪದ್ಯರೂಪಕವೆನ್ನಬಹುದು. ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಗ್ರೀಕರ ರೂಪಕಗಳ ಅವಿಭಾಜ್ಯ ಅಂಗವಾದ ‘ಖೋರಸ್’ ಎಂಬ ನಟ-ನರ್ತಕರ ಗುಂಪು ಬಂದಿರುವುದು ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ. ಬಹುಶಃ ನವೋದಯ ಕನ್ನಡಸಾಹಿತ್ಯದ ಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ರುದ್ರ(ಗಂಭೀರ)ನಾಟಕಗಳ ಅನುವಾದ/ರೂಪಾಂತರಗಳ ಹೊರತಾಗಿ ಮತ್ತೆಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಈ ಖೋರಸ್...
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In about 1910, when Mahāmahopādhyāya T. Ganapati Shastri was travelling to procure books in the southern regions of Travancore, he happened to lay his hands upon a manuscript that contained the following Sanskrit plays: Svapna-nāṭakam, Pratijñā-nāṭikā, Pañcarātram, Cārudattam, Dūta-ghaṭotkacam, Avimārakam, Bāla-caritam, Madhyama-vyāyogaḥ, Karṇabhāram[1], Ūru-bhaṅgam, Abhiṣeka-nāṭakam, Pratimā-nāṭakam, and Dūta-vākyam. He published the Svapna-...
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भगवान बुद्ध के जीवन की इस घटना को देखें। एक दिन बुद्ध के विश्वास पात्र तथा संबंधी (गृहस्थजीवनका) विख्यात आनन्द अपने साथ यशोधरा (बुद्ध के पूर्वाश्रम मे की पत्नी) को लेकर बुद्ध के समक्ष उपस्थित होकर कहने लगा “गुरुजी! महिलाओं को भी सन्यास की दीक्षा प्रदान कीजिए!” । जब बुद्ध ने उत्तर दिया ‘नही! यह नही हो सकता है’ तब आनन्द ने पूछा ‘आप महिलाओं को सन्यास की दीक्षा क्यों नहीं दे सकते है ? क्या आप ही नहीं कहते हैं कि सब लोग समान? तब बुद्ध बोले ‘नही !...
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One thing is established from this discussion of the history of philosophy; even though the testimony of the Vedas is necessary for all the three matas, since natural variation in the tendencies of human intellect worked independently, differences of opinion naturally arose in Vedanta. Difference in mati (intellect) is the main reason for difference in mata (opinion). Difference in intellect is the difference in capability, and variation in its...